The Crislich Mystery |
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On 15 December 1813 at Golspie Inn Donald
Matheson offered £56 and Sergeant Melville £52 for the
yearly rent of the tenancies of Sutherland Estate property
at Crislich, Foick and Coppernusgach. Those tenancies
were situated in the parish of Clyne,
Above Lands on the Estate of Sutherland set at
Golspy Inn 15 December 1813
Below 1815
Tenants and Rent
There were many Melvilles in the parish of Clyne and some in the parish of Golspie throughout the latter part of the 18th century and the 19th century. Those Melvilles were all inter-related and possibly descended from a single ancestor or family resident in the area in the late sixteen hundreds or early seventeen hundreds. Alexander of Crislich was from the lines of Melvilles in which I have a principal interest though there may still be a little doubt as to his exact position within this family.
It is clear for the various records that Sergeant Melville and Alexander Melville were one and the same person mentioned in the 1813 and 1815 tenancies. He was quite possibly the son of John Melville of Doll and his spouse Helen MacDonald though Alexander Melville and Sarah Mackay are also an outside possibility. A further indication that the period of tenancy was more than just a few years is the fact that Alexander Melville of Crislich was married to a Margaret Graham and of their five children born between 1806 and 1816 their third and fifth children were noted as born at Crislich. The Old Parish entry for the fourth child was less specific just indicating Clyne.
The
family disappeared from the area around 1820 and despite much
searching only one clue to their possible whereabouts came to
light.
In
response to an article I had published in the Highland Family
History Society Journal entitled ‘The Melvilles of the Doll’,
correspondence was received from Dr Bangor-Jones, an authority
on the Clearances in Sutherland, that the Melville family had
left for
Below
the OPR entries for the five children of Alexander
Melville and Margaret Graham:
Below a section
from the OPR for the birth of first born, John Melvin. The
spelling is variable in the OPRs but throughout this work I
have, in
the text, used the
modern spelling used by the family from the middle of the 19th Century, ie
Melville.
The Children of Alexander Melville and Margaret Graham of
Crislich born between 1806 and 1816.
John Born 15
August 1806 in Dole of Brora
Katherine Born 18
January 1808 in Clyne
Margaret Born 25
January 1810 at Crislich
Jean Born 16
February 1814 in Clyne
William Born 29
December 1816 Crislich
The
trail having run cold research in other areas of the family
history was called for. Much
material has been received from correspondents in
It seemed reasonable to speculate that this Adam Graham Melville might be connected to the missing Alexander Melville and Margaret Graham. The reason for this speculation centred on the fact that Adam had married two sisters, his cousins, named Melville and that his own name indicated he was a Melville with a link to a Graham family. Either clue, taken by itself, might have been coincidental but the two taken together suggested further research was necessary. Where to start searching for proof was the big question.
Research
in
Though
Isabella was born in Loth in Sutherland her family were from
Clyne parish and died in 1870 in
As can be
seen above, Adam and Isabella were married at Viewfirth Free
Church,
The
area of
The area
described by Ann Mitchell’s book covers much more than that of
interest in this research with many other streets around
Calton Hill described in great detail. The
Melvilles, it would appear, resided in the steep street
actually known as Calton Hill situated on the western edge of
the geographic feature. Today
all that remains are the houses on this west side, a dozen or
so, and 14 Calton Hill to the
In the early
days a number of trades, including a wright, a mason, a cooper
and a bricklayer, were represented by the residents of Calton
Hill and some notable early residents included accountants, a
solicitor and a writer. By the
end of the 17th century
and until her death in 1841 the celebrated friend of the poet
Robert Burns, Agnes Maclehose, better known as Clarinda, lived
at number 14 Calton Hill.
Ann Mitchell’s
book makes much use of post office directory information and
information collected at the ten yearly census. She
mentions that in 1833 there were thirty-six separate
households recorded and in 1841 over sixty. The
latter figure was boosted not just by an increase in
population but also by the inclusion of lodgers in the census
return and not just householders. The
street was a busy place with 324 residents and was described
once as a ‘steep, narrow, stinking, spiral street’. There
were, as noted by Ann Mitchell, many and varied occupations
and Adam’s father, John Melville, brass founder and plumber,
was just one of the many tradesmen making a living in the
area.
Above the upper
entry to Calton Hill on the
left and the steps to the Hill on the right.
Below is the memorial
to Clarinda in the
The birth record in the OPRs for Adam Graham Melville
indicated that his father was a John Melville and his mother
Agnes Lawson. This
information had been available from
The
entry in the OPR for 1829 for the marriage of John Melville
and Agnes Lawson is as follows;
John Melville, Plumber, residing
in No. 3A
Unfortunately
this OPR, like many, was not as full as hoped for with John
Melville’s parents not given.
However, his
Death Certificate was much more helpful. This indicated John’s
parentage - John Melville, Plumber, aged 52 years son of
Alexander Melville, Merchant, and Margaret Graham, both
deceased. Clear
evidence that while Alexander Melville and Margaret Graham
could not be found after their removal from Crislich one of
their children could be identified.
Adam
and his siblings :
1830 Birth of
Dau., Margaret New
Friars Parish
1833 Birth of
Son, Alexander
1835 Birth of
Son, George Grey 73 Rose
Street, Edin.
1837 Birth of
Dau., Agnes 73 Rose
Street, Edin.
1838 Birth of
Son, William Hume
1840 Birth of
Son, John
1842 Birth of
Son, Adam 11 South
Canal Street, Edin.
c1845 Birth of
Son, Robert
c1847 Birth of
Son, George
c1849 Birth of
Son, James
c1851 Birth of
Son, Henry C.
There
were two daughters as far as can be ascertained. Margaret,
described as a Hat Trimmer in the 1851 census, married
John
Melville, plumber and brass-founder, was in partnership with
someone by the name of Robert Hume and gave son William the
name Hume as his middle name after this partner. The
It
is worth noting that John was no mean businessman as he would
appear to be employing 90 men and boys probably along with
Robert Hume who described himself as and employer of 80-90 men
and boys. Robert
Hume, in 1851, was living at
Agnes
Lawson, John’s wife, was the daughter of a soldier who was
given as being in the 1st Dragoon Guards at the time of their
marriage on 2nd October 1829 and as a Sergeant in the Scots
Greys on her death certificate of 28th August 1865. Since
Alexander Melville was designated Sergeant Alexander in one
early source then there is the possibly of some army
connection leading to the marriage of Alexander’s son, John,
and William Lawson’s daughter, Agnes.
A
letter from Aadam Graham Melville’s grand-son Charles Bernays
Melville,
John
was buried in the
Sacred
to the memory of John Melville, Plumber, Edinburgh died 2nd Feby. 1859,
aged 52 years.
Also
Agnes
Lawson, his wife, died 28th Aug. 1865, aged
54 years.
Also
Robert
H. Melville, their seventh son, died 1st July 1870 aged
26 years.
Also 5
of his children who died in infancy.(i.e. John Melville’s
children)
Also on
the John Melville stone;-
In
memory of James A. Melville,
(The
date 1895 not very clear but certainly 189? And almost
certain it was a 5 at the end.)
Also
Agnes
Burnside, his wife, died 16th May 1907, aged
60 years.
Also
James M. Barbour, his grandson, son of George J. Scott, died
17th April
1906, aged 17 months.
(not
sure how this fits in – if Barbour
was his surname then how is his father George Scott? Was
Barbour a ‘second’ forename and the surname taken as being
Scott?)
The
Agnes Melville stone;-
Sacred
to the memory of Agnes Melville, beloved wife of Alexander
Thomson, died ? Feby. 1889, aged 52 years.
Also
The above Alexander Thomson, died 9th Sept. 1891,
aged 62 years. (The year not very clear but appears to be
1891).
The burial plots in
Agnes
Melville, 47 George IV Bridge, Died 3-2-1869, Aged 32 yrs.
Agnes
Melville Aitken, 12 West Newington Place, Died 19-5-1881,
Aged 1 yr 1 month
Maria
Fraser Aitken, Daughter of George Aitken, 35 George IV
Bridge, Died 15-1-1890,
Aged 7
yrs 6 months.
Alexander
Thomson, Morningside Asylum, Died 9-9-1891, Aged 62 yrs.
John Melville, Plumber, 12 Calton
Hill, Died 2-2-1859, Aged 52 yrs.
Robert Hume Melville,
Isabella Wood Melville, 49 (?47)
5 yrs 6 mths.
Roberta Margaret Melville,
Aged 1 yr.
Margaret Melville, Wife of George
Street, 7 St Patrick’s Square, Died 6-11-1871,
Aged 40 yrs.
Agnes Lawson, Wife of John
Melville, 128 Causewayside, Died 28-8-1865 of
Consumption, Aged 54 yrs.
29-9-1861 of Infantile Cholera,
Aged 9 months.
of Measles, Aged 3 months.
John Street, 41 Lothian Street,
Died 21-1-1868 of Fever, aged 15 yrs.
2 years 3 months.
George Street, 3 Windmill Street,
Died 28-5-1871, No age listed.
The
impressive group of memorials to John Melville and his family
in
John Melville 1806 - 1859
Shipping lists to
Adam MELVILLE age 20 arriving VIC Sep 1860 on the "
The
Isabella MELVILLE age 20 arriving VIC Oct 1860 on "
Merlin" .
The “Merlin” was wooden steamship built in
At this time it is still not certain if Alexander Melville and
Margaret Graham reached
On
the discovery of Adam Graham Melville’s second marriage, in
Adam Graham Melville’s second wife, Mary Melville. Though
this picture of Isabella has been found unfortunately to
date neither a photograph of Adam nor his other two wives,
Isabella and Elizabeth, have not come to light.
The
reasons for much of the above became clear when it was
discovered that a son, David Graham Melville, was born on 22nd
December 1871 to Adam and Mary Melville in Adelaide and the
fact that in Australia it was prior to 1871 not possible to
marry one’s sister-in-law. The relationship Adam was having at
that time with Mary could be legitimised promptly and
conveniently by a marriage in
Though
Adam could legitimately have admitted to a previous marriage
it might have been convenient for him not to have to
acknowledge his first wife and, indeed, having a son before
the marriage and around the time of the introduction of the
marriage act might also have proved to be embarrassing if not
illegal. Additionally,
it could possibly have been surmised that the description of
Adam as a bachelor might have been a mistake if it were not
for the details recorded at the time of his third marriage to
Elizabeth McKenney (Trennery) on 28th
October 1901 in
Below
is a list of Adam’s family to Isabella and Mary. He had
no family to Elizabeth McKenney.
Isabella Melville = Adam Graham Melville
John 1863
-1863
Mary
Melville = Adam Graham Melville
David
Graham 1871
-1918
Connected to Leslies, Torbeg Melvilles -- Isabel
Agnes 1873
– 1917
and Munros from Backies.
Bertha 1874
-1945
William
Alexander 1876
– 1946
Grandson married a Leslie, his cousin --- Charles
Edward 1877
– 1937
Daughter M. the brother of actor Basil Rathbone
Adam Gib 1880 - 1940
In
Australia Adam Graham Melville did very well for himself and
was highly thought of. He was
clearly a person of some knowledge and repute in the literary
world and was engaged, on at least one occasion, in presenting
his knowledge to the Library Association of Australia. At the
Madeleine
Smith was not the only ‘celebrity’ mentioned and Adam also
stated that the author and traveller Rudyard Kipling and
Australian poet Adam Lindsay Gordon also used the library. It is
impossible to tell whether or not those tales are true but
nevertheless he was felt important enough to be given a
prestiges platform to present along and well developed paper
on the book selling business in Australia from the 1860s to
1898.
Below is a picture of the Calton Gaol close by where Adam Graham Melville lived and worked. It was from this Gaol to the High Court that Madeleine was being taken when Adam says he saw her.
Further
evidence of Adam Graham Melville’s achievements is noted in a
biographical entry in a book entitled ‘The Early Australian
Booksellers’ and in his obituary notice in the Melbourne daily
newspaper ‘The Argus’. The
former entry, given in full below, states, ‘ With his
knowledge of books and of English society, with his urbanity
and tact, he created an atmosphere that made Mullen’s
Library a literary club and meeting place for the
intelligentsia and the elite of Melbourne, rivalling in
local society the prestige of Mudie’s Library of London’. The
obituary, which is also reproduced later, contains details of
his career and in one important passage regarding his work
states, ‘He
was always ready to place the benefits of his wide reading
at the services of patrons and his personality impressed
itself upon all with whom he came into contact.’
To
give some indication of Adam’s position in the literary
circles of
The biographical entry on Samuel Mullen,
bookseller and owner of Mullen's bookshop and library, in the Australian
dictionary of biography, v.5, 1851-1890 (Melbourne,
Melbourne University Press, 1969), briefly mentioned above,
provides a short history of the origins of the booksellers,
Melville and Mullen. From the A.D.B. entry the following summary
has been made.
In 1859, Samuel
Mullen and his brother, William Lowell opened a bookshop and
library at
In October 1889
Samuel Mullen sold out to his brother William, A. G. Melville
and
L. Slade.
Samuel Mullen died in
Mullen merged with
George Robertson & Co. to form Robertson & Mullens.
A biographical entry in the book ‘The Early Australian Booksellers’, published by the Australian Booksellers Association, 1980, throws more light on this remarkable man.
Adam Graham
Melville (1842-1921)
Born in
With his knowledge
of books and of English society, with his urbanity and tact,
he created an atmosphere that made Mullen's Library a literary
club and a meeting place for the intelligentsia and the elite
of Melbourne, rivaling in local society the prestige of
Mudie's Library of London.
He became a partner
in the firm of Melville, Mullen & Slade in 1889. Ten years
later Melville and Mullen purchased the interests of other
shareholders and the name was changed to Melville &
Mullen.
Melville outlived
his partner, retired in 1911, and died on May 24, 1921, aged
79 years.
Also his obituary notice appearing in the daily newspaper, the Argus (Melbourne) on 26 May, 1921, page 6 is also valuable as a piece of family history. The entry reads as follows:
Death of Mr. A. G.
Melville
The thousands of
people who have patronised the library of Messrs. Melville and
Mullen will learn with regret of the death of Mr. A. G.
Melville, which occurred at his residence,
Mr. Melville began his
business career with the firm of Gall and Inglis, in
The
Block on the corner of Collins Street and Elizabeth
Street, Melbourne, as it appeared towards the end of
Adam Graham Melville’s time in business in the area.
The
Block was the meeting place of
Year
Event/Source
Address
Known Residents
&/or Notes
1806
OPR/Birth of John Melville
Crislich, Clyne
Alex. Melville
Mgt. Graham
John
Melville
1811
On Death
known –
parents William Lawson & Sarah Moses
1829
OPR/Marriage
3A
1830
Birth of Dau., Margaret
New Friars Parish
John Melville
& Family
1833
Birth of Son, Alexander
& Family
1835
Birth of Son, George Grey
73 Rose Street, Edin.
John Melville
& Family
1837
Birth of Dau., Agnes
73 Rose Street, Edin.
John Melville
& Family
1838
Birth of Son, William Hume
& Family
1840
Birth of Son, John
& Family
1842
Birth of Son, Adam
11 South Canal Street
John Melville
Edinburgh
& Family
c1845
Birth of Son, Robert
& Family
c1847
Birth of Son, George
& Family
c1849
Birth of Son, James
& Family
c1851
Birth of Son, Henry C.
& Family
Year
Event/Source
Address
Known Residents
&/or Notes
1851
Census
5 High Terrace
John Melville
Alexander
Agnes
John
Robert
George
James
Henry
1852
Marriage of Dau., Margaret
(
for details of their family)
1856/56
Street Directory
12 Calton Hill
John Melville
(Householder)
1859/60
Street Directory
12 Calton Hill
John Melville
(Householder)
1859
Death Record of John Melville
12 Calton Hill
Buried Grange
Cemetery
1865
Death Record of Agnes Melville
128 Causewayside
Buried Grange
(Lawson)
Year
Event/Source
Address
Known Residents
&/or Notes
1830
Birth of Margaret Melville
New Friars Parish
Parents;-
John Melville &
Agnes Lawson
1852
Marriage of George & Margaret
Edinburgh Parish
Marriage date on
IGI and cert. of
Birth of children
At variance
1857
Birth of Dau., Susan
6
1859
Birth of Son, George M.
1861
Birth of Son, Alfred A.
1861
Death of Son, Alfred A.
1862
Birth of Son, Alexander A.
1865
Birth of Dau., Maggie
1868
Death of Son, John
41 Lothian Street, Edin.
1868
Death of Son, George
41 Lothian Street, Edin.
1868
Birth of Son, James G.
clear in record
1870
Death of Son,
James G.
Sunnyside Cottage, Lasswade
1871
Birth of Male Child (George)
3 Windmill Street, Edin.
1871
Death of Male Child (George)
1871
Death of
(Melville)
Cemetery
1882
Death of Dau., Matilda
34 Clerk Street, Edin.
Year
Event/Source
Address
Known Residents
&/or Notes
1842
Birth of Adam/OPR
11 South Canal Street
1860
Marriage of Adam and
both at 12 Calton Hill, Edin.
Married at
Isabella
Melville, his cousin
Viewfirth Free
Church,
1862/63 Biographies not he went
to Australia
Melbourne
1863
Birth of Son, John
1863
Death of Son, John
1889
The
Early Australian Booksellers’
Took charge
of Mullens Library
1870
Death of Isabella Melville
1871
Birth of Son, David G.
yet married to her
1872
Married Mary Melville
Adelaide
Isabella’s sister
1873
Birth of Dau., Isabel A.
1875
Birth of Dau., Bertha
1876
Birth of Son, William A.
1877
Birth of Son, Charles E.
1880
Birth of Son, Adam G.
1890
‘The
Early Australian Booksellers’
Noted his
partnership in business of
Melville,
Mullen & Slade
1898
Presented
paper to Library Association
of
1901
Death of Mary Melville
274 The Avenue,
1901
Civil
Marriage to
McKenney (Trennery)
274
1902
Church
of England Marriage to
Elizabeth McKenney (Trennery)
1921
Death Record of Adam Melville
15 Dickens Street, St Kilda,
Obituary – Argus Newspaper
Year
Event/Source
Address
Known Residents
&/or Notes
1840
Birth of John Melville
1911
Death of John Melville
Parkville,